Abstract

In the context of transitioning from e-Government to digital government, open data has emerged as a foundational element driving transparency, innovation, and socio-economic development. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of open data disclosure and utilization policies in Vietnam, based on the current legal framework including the 2024 Data Law, the 2023 Law on Electronic Transactions, the 2016 Law on Access to Information, and Decree No. 47/2020/ND-CP. Using qualitative analysis, literature synthesis, and legal comparison methods, the study clarifies the concept, characteristics, legal validity, and technical requirements of open data while also assessing the effectiveness of policy implementation from central to local levels. The research reveals that open data not only enhances the accountability of public agencies but also expands civic participation, supports digital product development in the private sector, and improves public service delivery. However, the implementation of open data still faces challenges such as inconsistent legal definitions, fragmented management responsibilities, limited technical capacity, and underdeveloped infrastructure. The article evaluates the current state of open data policy implementation in selected ministries and localities including Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Da Nang, and identifies legal and technical barriers hindering effective data exploitation. Based on these findings, the author proposes policy refinements that promote transparency, measurability, and practical applicability; the establishment of an intersectoral coordination mechanism; and the development of a national open data strategy with specific goals for priority sectors.